Role of Global Mncs in Governance

Question: Examine about theRole of Global MNCs in Governance. Answer: Presentation: In the period of globalization, the spread of activities of worldwide organizations has become exceptional which has prompted humongous riches age. Such is the limit of riches age of these enterprises that they predominate the complete GDP of a large group of countries including some greater countries. It is assessed that the MNCs produce a deals in overabundance of USD 28 trillion every year and give direct work to more than 70 million individuals all around. Because of this gigantic spread and riches creation, there emerges the requirement for them to secure their business advantages which requires backhanded impedance in administration through conspiracy with government officials and other powerful partners (Cutler, 2003). It is basic that the fashioning of implicit associations with MNCs serves the administration well particularly in immature and creating countries. This is on the grounds that the vast majority of these countries are offered with rich mineral assets and other factor enrichments yet come up short on the imperative capital, innovation and the executives to misuse these assets. Henceforth, the national governments leave the line to give these MNCs an empowering situation in order to boost them for setting shop. In any case, simultaneously, the administration winds up surrendering its independence by giving up to the benefit making goals of these organizations. In the appearance of bringing improvement, these MNCs request charge credits and assurances from the administration with respect to insurance from nationalization (Detomasi, 2015). There are visit intercessions in the strategy circle which are custom-made according to these requirements particularly with respect to work guideline. Simultaneously, there are unfriendly ramifications for the local ventures, work and furthermore the neighborhood condition. Henceforth, while these nations expect that they are picking up, there are really not increasing much as the drawn out impacts negative impacts are basically covered up (Cutler, 2003). In the created world, the job of government has retreated since the time Thatcherism has picked up predominance and privatization has increased a strong hold. This outcomes in even basic administrations being privatized for the sake of productivity. Nonetheless, in specific cases, an imposing business model is made which in conspiracy with government officials is abused because of which the shoppers need to pay utility charges that are irrationally high. An a valid example is that of Enron which has built up a virtual restraining infrastructure on vitality exchanging business the US and subsequently could control the power costs by utilizing political contacts (Gourevitch Shinn, 2005). From the abovementioned, it might appear that MNC will in general maltreatment their capacity so as to serve their inclinations. Through the guide of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) quantifies, these MNC can conceivably go about as change specialists particularly for the helpless countries (Detomasi, 2015). Be that as it may, there is no precluding that on account from securing their monetary force, MNC would keep on going about as huge players in the administration. The imperative methodology is to guarantee that responsibility of utilization of this force is upgraded through worldwide measures by including shopper mindfulness. Additionally, the state guideline component should be reinforced in order to reestablish satisfactory governing rules to forestall maltreatment of intensity (Abbott Snidal, 2009). References Abbott, KW Snidal, D 2009, Strengthening global guideline through transnational new administration, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law,vol. 42, no.2, pp. 501578 Cutler, C 2003, Private force and worldwide position: Transnational trader law in the worldwide political economy, fourth ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Detomasi, D 2015, The Multinational Corporation as a Political Actor: Varieties of Capitalism Revisited, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 128, No.3, pp.685-700 Gourevitch, PA Shinn, J 2005, Political force corporate control: The new worldwide legislative issues of corporate administration. third ed., Princeton University Press, Princeton

Event Management Of Rio Carnival Festival Tourism Essay Essay Example

Occasion Management Of Rio Carnival Festival Tourism Essay Paper Presentation: The occasion chose so as to complete this bit of work is the Rio Carnival. This is one of the commended celebrations and it is held before Lent and it is known as one of the greatest celebration where the member people is in excess of 2,000,000 in Numberss every twenty-four hours. The celebration is one of the most established 1 each piece great. Before making a trip in to farther thing of the occasion and covering the subject as of various required edges the examination specialist will give a short history about occasion course and the progresss which has taken topographic point with the change of clasp and introduction of most recent engineerings. ( Getz, 2007 ) Life is full occasions that are non simply fascinating yet brimming with alluring powers and venture for the masses. There has been a cluster said and talked about and to a great extent one may happen finishs under tremendous power per unit zone as they are non sure how to cover by organizations of these occasions and rescue them as of going a touristic stock. In the days of old, significant occasions have been casualty of various undesirable activities which has non just ruined the picture of the completion yet in add-on the big name of the occasion has been influenced by and large. In the current universe where designing through media has secured all the diversion aspects for open and open can relax the occasion as of the parturiency of their place only by sitting in forepart of their broadcasting sets, still the existent satisfaction is for unrecorded delight as open need to participate and be bit of the bright condition which can non be caught or experienced through broadcasting no undertaking how great they are caught. We will compose a custom paper test on Event Management Of Rio Carnival Festival Tourism Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Event Management Of Rio Carnival Festival Tourism Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Event Management Of Rio Carnival Festival Tourism Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer A prevalent quotable Event Management strategy offers an association with the inclination to feel Events, recognize them, thus take on a fit control aggravation or activity to keep away from an incident as well as administration break. Reasonable exercises or practices can comprise of an activity to relinquish an occasion or to follow an occasion. Efficient assistance processs base on the convenient treatment of the few exercises key to maintain a strategic distance from showdowns and administration blackouts. ( Reisinger, 2009 ) As Event Management offers the capacity to feel occurrences before cut, an affiliation can design building to drag out an Event Management procedure to trip an occasion after it has been naturally seen and be consequently dispensed to the fit resolver scheme for activity before any positive assistance break or blackout occurs. Utilizing building to draw out an Event Management process makes it likely for a couple of exercises to be seen by opportunity which can help dispose of the interest for beyond all doubt won and gracefully focused existent clasp checking , though at the comparable clasp, dropping detachment or down clasp. Inside Event Management there are some adjusted sorts of occasions to oversee which include: Ordinary Operation Events: These sorts of occasions can comprise a programmed declaration that an arranged outstanding task at hand occupation has finished as normal or a buyer has signed into a contraption that they had the correct purpose of induction to, or an electronic mail has accomplished an anticipated getting framework. Standard strategy occasions are imperative to identify since they may represent a penetrate of strategy or non perception to a turn of events. ( Richards et al. , 2010 ) Special case Events: These sorts of occasions may comprise client ventures to dish an application with an erroneous watchword unnecessarily ordinarily or, a gadget s CPU is over a worthy use rate or a Personal PC check uncovers the introducing of ill-advised bundle. ( Reisinger, 2009 ) Unordinary Events: These sorts of occasions regularly speak to something surprising and require prompt notification, for example, server memory use inside 5 % of the most noteworthy anticipated open introduction degree, or the choice clasp of a managing 10 % longer than ordinary. The cardinal point with any of these occasion sorts is that moment activity ought to occur so as to either raise an episode record or an excuse and log of the occasion for farther observing and drifting. The Benefits of Event Management: By authoritatively utilizing these cardinal exercises of an Event Management class, associations can expand useful efficiencies by going increasingly down to earth at pull offing activities that comprehension mix-ups and administration blackouts. In today s multifaceted IT situations, the evaluation of informations being delivered on an everyday balance can be resistless in addition to unmanageable without controlled and quotable techniques and the designing to back up those strategies. A great many exchange s exchanges that depend on IT prop up are directed each twenty-four hours. Without a tolerant of basic concern methods, pull offing occasions ends up being a useless best guess undertaking. ( Getz, 2007 ) A lineation of what the celebration/occasion is: The jamboree held one time a twelvemonth in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil is the for the most bit notable gathering known to man, turning year-on-year and pulling 100s of 1000s of outside each piece great as national tourers. In the hebdomad about celebration 80 % of the yearly ingestion of brew is inebriated in addition to 70 % of the yearly tourer total compensations are created, without a doubt demoing the noteworthiness of the occasion economically? To Brazilians celebration and moving are each piece significant as football, which is genuinely expressing something! A The foundations of celebration: The name jubilee comes as of the Latin word carnelevare expecting abstention as of the taking care of meat and residential fowl. Jamboree hebdomad is held to hold by organizations of the beginning of the Roman Catholic time of Lent, 40 yearss preceding Easter. Loaned is ordinarily a time of abstention, petition and self-assessment for Christians and speaks to the 40 yearss that the Bible discloses to us Jesus spent in the desert challenging the allures of Satan. As the day of the months for Easter change every twelvemonth so do those for the central jubilee end of the week. There are a few processions and gatherings by in addition to following the boss named occasions in the Sambodromo, some of which are free in addition to held in the road in grouped regions about the city or as example ends of the week in the cardinal site itself. ( Dunne L et al. , 2002 ) Festival as a festival of music, moving, rowdiness each piece great as limits in addition to day of the months back to the old Roman jamboree of Saturnalia which was acquainted in 217 BC with raise the confirmation of fight tired Romans following defeats by the Carthaginians. It was traditionally a hebdomad of taking care of, soaking up each piece great as the scorn turnaround of the common request, slaves being given a few farther autonomies for case Several Roman Emperors, for example, Augustus and Caligula attempted to abbreviate the festivals to 3 yearss yet were met by organizations of such confusion in addition to had to go the occupants to their cultural collection. ( Getz, 2007 ) Rio Carnival today: Despite the fact that Rio Carnival may non be the solitary party in Brazil, is as yet costly notable. Similarly far as the members are thought of, greatest jubilee in footings of part is held in Recife in the North where in 2006 1.5 million individuals took partition. The Rio occasion has grown over and over since its event, harking back to the seventeenth Century besides every twelvemonth it develops in size and more nation and obeche schools end up being stirred up in the spectacle.A Blocos ( Blocks ) are diminutive or in the middle of measured overlap of instrumentalists and terpsichoreans drawn as of regions who march with a questioning subject, trademark and point. They could be dressed in fiting T shirts or in abundance unnecessary outfit and there are currently more than 100 Blocos, army of whom do non even travel away as of their road or region while uncovering. Several neighborhood individuals gather and escort them in their troublesome work. ( Richards et al. , 2010 ) Over significantly financed obeche schools are enormous gatherings of performing specialists which take an interest in march rivalries in an exceptionally constructed Sambodromo. These schools parade hung on the 4 significant darks of the fair, alongside the rubric march individual hung on the Saturday dim. The official opposition can be estranged into 10 classs and a victor picked starting at every conveyance in the wake of being reevaluated on every one of the adherents ; beating set, Samba vocal, Harmony, Flow and soul, subject of the twelvemonth, Overall inclination, Floats and props, Costumes, Vanguard gathering and Flag transporter. There are 4 Judgess in each gathering and these individuals sit in stalls along the motorcade way in the Sambodromo. Extraordinary standing is granted to the victors and the opposition is taken actually fundamentally with solid aggregates of endeavors, practicing and cash contributed. ( Reisinger, 2009 ) Passage tickets for the Sambodromo marches are granted and as such are beyond a reasonable doubt won even in the minimal effort cheap seat seats which cost somewhere in the range of hundred dollars. Topographic focuses in the VIP boxes rush to 1000s of dollars as they offer the observer considerably more straightforwardness and handiness of establishments, detached cantina, 3 class supper and so forth for what is an extensive of sing. Tickets and a few lodgings regularly sell out month s in progress so in the event that you need to travel ensure a more extended way in progress. The partners: Keeping in head the idea of the occasion it ends up being evident that the partners are on a very basic level the tourers and nearby crowds that come starting at everyplace to luxuriate this occasion, its colorin

college essay -- essays research papers

Achievements for my school years My name will be NAME. I am Age and I live in WHERE YOU LIVE in reality I have lived here for my entire life. I am presently going to SCHOOL NAME, which has set me up for my future at a school or college level. I started working with youngsters and youth at an early age. This started as the pioneer of entertainment day camps and instructing youth ball groups, and before long drove me to my present profession way. At the point when I was sixteen I was thankful to be drawn closer about planning and executing a program for youth. It was a great encounter for me, giving me information and certainty. Throughout the years I have helped the rec center educators in my secondary school and worked with the slow-witted. They recommedned me for this program in light of my athletic ...

Supply Chain Strategic Management Research Paper

Gracefully Chain Strategic Management - Research Paper Example Worldwide business condition is getting profoundly serious as a few driving worldwide associations are attempting to create and execute special business activity procedures so as to satisfy current market need and accomplish upper hands. Tesco Used to embrace diverse novel methodologies in the business activity forms so as to meet business objectives and corporate targets. The association consistently creates client and representative driven business techniques to achieve reasonable business development rate. Keeping up maintainability in every single business activity procedures can assist an association with maintaining viable business exhibitions. Tesco Plc. continuously attempts to keep up supportability in business activity procedures to create successful relationship with the investors and partners. Â The association is emphatically concentrating on the execution of CSR and reasonable exercises over the flexibly affix arrange so as to achieve the vital arrangement. The key arr angement of the association is to look after natural, social and monetary manageability through moral business activity exercises. Supportable gracefully chain exercises are helping the investors of the association to look into the business techniques of Tesco a few associations are attempting to profit by the potential chances to improve flexibly chain exercises. High carbon outflow level in coordinations and gracefully fasten because of high utilization of petroleum derivative and vitality sources are making. significant worries for the worldwide retail chain associations. Along these lines, Tesco can get the chance to utilize successful vitality assets to keep up low carbon emanation level so the association can legitimize its corporate objectives and vital arrangement. What's more, the association can attempt to connect with workers in the coordinations and flexibly chain procedure improvement process so as to get effectiveness the gracefully chain the board procedure. Gaining b y this open door will assist the association with improving flexibly chain exercises.

Supply Chain Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gracefully Chain Design - Essay Example These topics can be of fundamental significance to increasing flexibly chain plan for most organizations in today’s serious condition. Web and IT Technology has extended world over colossally and it abandons question that its utilization is must for structuring a successful flexibly chain in various items and administrations. For instance, Solectron utilizes ‘Agile software’ to get to various providers online for estimating and accessibility of provisions. This came about into decrease of process duration while acquainting new item with its clients (Lee). Organizations, for example, Dell, Adaptec, Cisco, Zara (Global Stretch), and various others have utilized the web to make their flexibly chain the executives best. Cisco has made an e-Hub that interfaces different providers by means of the web to address issues of the market and make flexibly chain increasingly proficient (Lee). The organizations extend their sourcing openings and decrease their stock holding between gracefully chain accomplices. Truth be told, the web has supplanted the customary model of gracefully chain the executives with increasingly productive and successful flexibly chain configuration utilizing IT advances (Lee). Southwest Airlines has had the option to deal with its benefit during troublesome occasions of post 2008 downturn through i2 innovations conveyed for gracefully chain the board. The organization has had the option to build its administration levels to 95 percent and overabundance stock of $30 million has been recognized utilizing i2 devices (SupplyChainBrain). Right now, organizations are confronting an undeniably troublesome circumstance to give altered items and administrations with no slip by of time and in this procedure, they need to see that there is no critical cost increment in their contributions. This is the topic on which organizations need to plan their flexibly chain to pick up the upper hand. It is undoubtedly a difficult assignment for organizations! In normal sense, customization will

Top Movies 2016 for Holiday Time

Top Movies 2016 for Holiday Time Films You Should See Before the Upcoming New Year Home›Tips for Students›Films You Should See Before the Upcoming New Year Tips for StudentsFor true movie lovers, there is a great news: new film preview of the upcoming pieces of cinematography for everyone to pamper him or herself on holidays. If you still don’t have all your holiday evenings planned, consider watching some of this gripping films.Best films to watch1. ‘Passengers’, December 21 An exciting action-thriller starring Jennifer Lawrence and Chris Pratt. As a spaceship is on its quite long journey to another planet, the travelers Jim and Aurora are woken up too early from hibernation and have to deal with this unexpected reality, each other, and the danger on the brink of which they all appear.2. Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, December 16 This an upcoming movie is filmed in the best traditions of the Star Wars saga. However, it is a standalone film which reveals the story of the Galaxy and Rebel right before the e vents of the original Star Wars. Collecting such stars as Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Ben Mendelson and others, this movie is thrilling and can be seen by even non-fans of the saga.3. La La Land, December 9 If you are up to something romantic and cheerful, a musical ‘La La Land’ is a must-see. Starring Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone as main characters, an actress and a jazz musician, with great expectations but crushed hopes, the film reveals their struggle for dreams accompanied by beautiful singing, dancing and playing the instrument.4. Collateral Beauty, December 16 Another option in our holiday movie preview is a drama film ‘Collateral Beauty’ with the impressive cast: Will Smith, Kate Winslet, Keira Knightley, Edward Norton and others. The heart-breaking story of an advertising executive (Will Smith), whose inability to handle the life tragedy leads to him retreating from life joy. While seeking the answers from the Universe, Will Smith’s encounters unexpected response.5 . Why Him, December 23 The list won’t be complete without a romantic comedy right on Christmas night and there is one for you. ‘Why Him’ tells the story of one overprotective parent (starring Bryan Cranston), his charming daughter (Zoey Deutch) and her absolutely inappropriate billionaire boyfriend (James Franco). As you might guess, the dad goes to great length in order to save his daughter from the paws of unbearable guy. Choose something from this list of best holiday movies and spend an amazing holiday evening with your friends, family of partner. Enjoy watching!

Change

There is a certain serenity that accompanies me as I walk back to my dormitory after Spanish class. It’s fall time—a brisk air smells of damp leaves after 2 weeks of torrential showers—and the sun is actually visible, a sight that makes this serenity feel even more real. The day has yet to prosper into one of much meaning—it is likely that it will not have any at all. Like most of my days here, this one will be another blur, another day in my journal where one word will suffice—fine. Just like when the guy that lives down the hall asks how I am as I walk in the side door. I tell him I am fine, and he reciprocates with the same response. It’s expected. The norm. And to stray from the norm is unthinkable—even on a college campus that roots itself on tremendous diversity. The serenity vanishes once my door to my room shuts and I begin my daily search for an afternoon snack. Not much has changed in my mannerisms since I left my home 10 w eeks ago—yet I feel so disconnected to my old life, my old self, it is hard to imagine that I have not changed that much. If any at all. In a world that constantly changes, every second, will I ever noticeably experience it? Despite how dramatic this may come across, I’m serious. I was unable to contain my excitement during my senior year at the prospect of changing who I was. The idea of a fresh slate was one that motivated me to finish off senior year on the strongest note possible. No, I do not, nor will I ever attend an Ivy League school, or even a prestigious university. I was not valedictorian, top 25, or president of any honor societies. I was average. I still am average. And I thought that by escaping my life as a dependent of my parents, moving over 4 hours away from home, and rooming with someone I had only met once in my life, that I would somehow become a completely new person. My expectations were a bit too lofty for reality. It is halfway through the fa ll semester. Students are in the process of registering for classes for the spring. Every few minutes a new brown leaf falls to the ground. Sweatshirts and jackets are more common than shorts and t-shirts. Change. We co-exist with it. We are change. Yet it is one of the most difficult aspects of life to pinpoint. change Time moves on. It brings unprecedented change. Nature follows the law of time and we follow nature. Flowers bloom, we smile. Heat rises, we complain. Rain showers, we sadden. Leaves fall so do our hopes. Sun hides so does our happiness. But we smile again because flowers bloom every year, bringing out new hopes and happiness in our lives. Being betrayed every year by the leaves or being left behind to seek by the sun; rainfall tends to take place in our so called heart which in fact is just a muscle. This rainfall doesn’t weaken our roots but helps us grow. It takes us closer to being human, god’s greatest creation. We walk throughout our lives taking different ways to find the sun that we dream about every night. We are compelled to make a difference in how the search ends. We are desperate for victory. For that we try to take the shortest but we don’t find the sun at the end of it because there is always a better path which necessarily is mostly protracted. Every thing that happens in life always brings a certain change in us. These changes makes us grow, it brings us closer to the sun, as close that we can protect ourselves from its furious rage. Learning to adapt to our surrounding we can make sure that we will survive. Change is the law of nature and the necessity for survival. After all we are adept to the fact that we were created due to change.

The Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria Essay

In â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria,† the incidents on the bus, in the hotel, and at the poetry involved prejudice and stereotypical misconceptions of Puerto Rican women. While Cofer was on a bus trip to Oxford University, a man â€Å"broke into an Irish tenor’s rendition of â€Å"Maria† from West Side Story† (Cofer 103). This implies that Latinas dealt with people who automatically assume that a Latina’s name is â€Å"Maria† or â€Å"Evita† based on a fictional movie. While at a hotel with a colleague, a middle-aged man called Cofer an â€Å"Evita† and he â€Å"began shout-sing a ditty to the tune of â€Å"La Bamba†---except the lyrics were about a girl named Maria† (Cofer 107). Then Cofer realized that â€Å"[she] was just an Evita or a Maria: merely a character in his cartoon-populated universe† (107). The men that sung stereotypical songs viewed Cofer as a sexual object an d referred to her as an image displayed by the media. During the poetry reading, a woman motioned Cofer to a table and thought â€Å"that [Cofer] was a waitress† (Cofer 108). Cofer was carrying a notebook, yet the woman assumed Cofer was a waitress because she is a Latina. This demonstrated that people assumed that Latinas have the role of a housemaid, similar to the stereotype of Mammy from Gone with the Wind. If Cofer was a different race, she would not experience these incidents. The media’s poor portrayal of Latinas negatively affect how they are viewed in the real-world, especially when they hold suchShow MoreRelatedThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria868 Words   |  4 Pagessociety. â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† is a short essay in which the award winning poet and professor of English, Judith Ortiz Cofer, wishes to inform and persuade the audience that labels and stereotypes can be humiliating and hurtful. The author targets the general public, anyone that doesn’t understand that putting someone in a box because of a stereotype is wrong. Cofer starts out the essay by telling the reader a story with a drunk man who re-enacted â€Å"Maria† from theRead MoreThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria Essay1757 Words   |  8 PagesThe articles â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† written by Juthish Oriz Cofer and â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack† by Peggy McIntosh are two essays covering the topic of race and gender. With a focus on privilege and race, one may assume that these two articles say the same thing, while in reality that is not true. As McIntosh and Cofer come from two different backgrounds and social standing, the authors offer two very unique views on the subject matterRead MoreThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria820 Words   |  4 PagesThe essay â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Ma ria† by Judith Ortiz Cofer is about deprivation that Latin women go through everyday due to stereotypes that society make up. Stereotypes play a big role in the way that individuals are identified by society. Cofer describes her personal experiences of being a Latin woman, and her struggles that she has to face because of the stereotypes. Cofer tells us of some incidences that happened throughout her life. Like going to London forRead MoreComparing Mairs And The Myth Of A Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria1328 Words   |  6 PagesWe tend to identify them based on their appearance, rather than who or how they are as people. We are often unaware of the impacts our labels have on these people. In the essay â€Å" On being a cripple† by Nancy Mairs and â€Å" The Myth of a Latin woman : I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the writers have successfully portrayed the feelings that arise in people’s mind based on the way they are identif ied. In both the essays, the writers tell us how they have been incorrectly labeled and

Manging Diversity Within The Workforce - 1198 Words

MANGING DIVERSITY IN THE WORKFORCE Management 5000 LaTonya S. Warren Webster University Diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. This means understanding that every individual is unique, and noticing their individual uniqueness. This can be different race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies and exploring these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing environment. It is about understanding each other and moving beyond simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual. The U.S Department of Interior defines diversity as â€Å" used broadly to refer to many demographic variables, including, but not limited to, race, religion, color, gender, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, age, education, geographic origin, and skill characteristics. America s diversity has given this country its unique strength, resilience and richness.† Accepting diversity in new or establish company can have its advantages and disadvantages. There are challenges to achieving diversity, from the difficulties of defining the term to the individual, interpersonal, and organizational challenges involved in implementing diversity practices. Achieving diversity is a great value, due to the rapidly increasing amount of diversity in varying countries and companies. Once the definition of diversity hasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Ccs Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy1491 Words   |  6 Pagestrust and confidence in all stakeholders. Some of CC’s initiative here include; applying strict policies on anti-money laundering, zero tolerance to bribery and corruption, adhering to the various annual compliance declarations, confidentiality in manging data and client information, dedicating time for ethical training for all it lawyers, paralegal staffs and other service providers, commitments to respect international recognised human r ights. CC was one of the first law firms to adopt a formal humanRead MoreThesis on Recruitment and Selection Process15525 Words   |  63 Pagesdiscipline rarely considers processes, constructs, and influences outside its respective level. That is, micro- and macro-level research are both pri- marily single-level disciplines because their independent and dependent variables are contained within the same level of analysis (Ployhart, 2004). Micro (individual)-level research examines how individual differences (knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics; KSAOs) contribute to individual performance but assumes (or only estimates

Marketing Analysis International Marketing - 1544 Words

Marketing is nothing but the process to sale the product to the consumers in order to satisfy customers’ needs and to obtain profits. According to the American Marketing Association (AMA)international marketing is the multinational process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives. In today’s competitive environment, there is necessity for many companies to be globalized, to remain in this competitive market and satisfy customer’s needs across the world. Marketing a product internationally is little difficult job for the company who is planning to launch their products internationally. Many manufacturing companies have expertise to build the new product as per their local country’s needs unless they have a deep and though analysis of launching a product as per global needs and considering a global marketing strategies. Companies can manufacture or design certain product which can sustain globally and can be sold internationally, however to launch and market those product internally is a challenge. Marketing or sale a product internationally, would need a research and thorough analysis. Many companies have their own international marketing CEO’s and separate department who handles, how to launch or market a product in to certain countries, by considering so many factors including country related governance policies, state requirements,Show MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : International Marketing1546 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Marketing is nothing but the process to sell the product to the consumers in order to satisfy customers’ needs and to obtain profits. 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In fact it is what you say and the way you say it whilst trying to explain how a certain product or service is, giving your target audience reason why to use or purchase it. Marketing can be a bunch of things, whether promotion, an ad, a brochure or a press release. It can simplyRead MoreMarketing Analysis : International Marketing2073 Words   |  9 Pagesinternational marketing can include all these activites incluing licensing,importing and exporting, and franchising or the full direct entry of one country into another country for business objectives. This is achieved by one country exporting other countries’ products into its own business environment; it can also enter on franchising terms or through licensing in the country of interest, or direct investment in the foreign country. Market mix development involves product promotion, product pricingRead MoreInternational Marketing Swot Analysis8581 W ords   |  35 Pages1.0 Executive Summary The main objectives of this marketing plan is to evaluate the possibilities for May Soap to enter into the new market- Philippine. There are three possible market entry strategies, which are indirect exporting, direct exporting and joint venture. Direct exporting is more favourable as it provides greater control and this is important for expanding the business in future. Most-Likely, for Lam Soon to enter into a new market like Philippine, may incur loss of around RM 25,000Read MoreMarketing Analysis : Nerium International1105 Words   |  5 PagesNerium International is a relationship marketing company that focuses on selling an innovative anti-aging product. Relationship management is also known as multi-level management, the structural dimension of this company is complexity, it contains many levels, many divisions and it is geographically dispersed. The company, founded by Jeff Olsen, launched its scientifically backed anti-aging night cream within the United States back in 2011. The companies one product made a big hit in the market byRead MoreAnalysis of the Primary Models of International Marketing721 Words   |  3 PagesInternational Marketing Introduction The three primary models that international marketing is predicated on include ethnocentric, geocentric and polycentric approaches to entering, selling to and serving new markets. Each of these approaches have inherent strengths and weaknesses associated with them, and the intent of this analysis is to explain how the way a company markets a product or service will dictate the selection of one over another. There are many cultural differences and factorsRead MoreInternational Marketing Analysis Report For Nestle Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagesan international Marketing Analysis report for Nestlà ©. This report will mainly focus on the evaluation of Nestlà © s international marketing activities and that of their key competitors. The latest trends and developments within this particular sector investigate will also be investigated. Nescafà ©, the instant coffee from Nestlà © is the most famous products of the company, therefore Nescafà © has been chosen as the company s products for the purpose of this report to conduct a thorough analysis. WithinRead MoreInternational Marketing Analysis of Loreal1405 Words   |  6 PagesInternational marketing of LOreal 1. Introduction LOreal is a symbol of beauty and elegance. Women across the globe associate the brand with style and splendor and thrive to purchase the products. But aside from the beauty factor, LOreal is also an intriguing business agent, leading the global cosmetics industry and representing an example to other business players as well. The company has attained this position of international industry leader through sustained and gradual strategies of

Go Going Gone The City Of Elko, Nevada - 949 Words

Go Going Gone If you could live anywhere in the world, where would it be? Now imagine living in the complete opposite. Growing up in the small town of Elko, Nevada, created a very lifeless environment. One example would be the scarce shopping centers, which did not give you a variety of clothing to select from. The two old movie theaters that were always so crowded no matter the time of day. Also, teens committing suicide from left to right created a very uninteresting yet terrifying environment. The scarce shopping centers became rather bothersome. No such thing as a mall is in sight anywhere near Elko. If you want to shop at one you have to drive about roughly four hours to Salt Lake City, Utah, and that would be the closest one. However, if you were not in the mood for a long drive, then the choices available in town included: Walmart, Ross, Kmart, JCPenny, and Rue 21. One problem that frustrates just about everyone in town, no matter what piece of clothing you get, it most likely became guaranteed that about ten other people in town have the same exact one. I remember starting my first day in fifth grade, I wore a brown cheetah print shirt, at every corner, I looked I saw a girl wearing the same exact one. If you want to stand out you have to start your own clothing line. Not only did having the same clothing as other people a problem, but also blandness. Seeing everyone in the same clothing almost everyday got tiresome real fast, you have to see the same type of

Double Entry Journal Example Free Essays

â€Å"Moushumi wonders how long she will live her life in trappings of student hood in spite of the fact that she is a married woman that she’s as far along in her studies as she is that Nikhil has a respectable if not terribly lucrative job. It would have been different with Graham-he’d made more than enough for both of them† (Lahiri 254)| One of the main themes in this story is pressure. Throughout the story Gogol feels pressured by his parents to follow the Bengali culture, to marry a Bengali girl, to eat Bengali food and to live the Bengali lifestyle. We will write a custom essay sample on Double Entry Journal Example or any similar topic only for you Order Now Myself being of the South Asian decent, I can relate to Gogol as well. My parents expect me to marry a Sri Lankan boy because they believe a Sri Lankan boy can make me happy. They also want to continue to pass down our culture to newer generations. This quote foreshadows the breakup that is going to happen between Gogol and Moushumi because you can tell Moushumi isn’t happy with the life she lives with Gogol. Gogol is pressured by his mother to ask out Moushumi a Bengali girl. They end up getting married but as they spend more and more days together through individuation Moushumi realises that she is not happy and this is because she was pressured into marrying a Bengali. She made herself believe her and Gogol had a lot in common and that they had a good time with each other, but deep down inside she only married him because it was what her parents wished for (her to marry a Bengali man). It develops the plot because as she begins to compare Gogol to Graham she realises she isn’t satisfied and starts to cheat on her husband. Bengali parents ideology is that culture guides you in life, it helps find your place. Throughout the story Moushumi puts on a persona of being a happy wife, who is loyal to her husband. But she is really sad about her relationship with Gogol and she transgresses by cheating on him with a former friend. Cheating on Gogol was a good move for Moushumi because this is what helps her realise that she is not happy and in love with Gogol. Gogol is a proletariat who worked hard to become an architect but Moushumi seems to be more interested in men in the bourgeoisie class. She cheated on Gogol with a very rich man (Dimitri) who inherited his wealth through his grandma. Moushumi cheating on Gogol was good for Gogol because he becomes aware of his life and what he believes in. He slowly begins to realise that his parents had gone through the trouble of learning different customs such as Christmas dinners and other celebrations all for him. This relates to peoples everyday life because a lot of people come to Canada as immigrants but they slowly adapt to the country and it’s traditions such as Canada Day. Gogol realises that all the events that happened in his life have shaped him and determined who he is. Moushumi and Gogol lived in patriarchy because Gogol had more power over Moushumi. She turned down a grant offer that she had applied for even before she met Gogol. She knew that Gogol wouldn’t like her going to another country for a few months so she declined the offer. The other reason she dropped the offer was because she needed to take care of the house now that she was a wife. The story follows the stereotype of women cleaning the house and looking after the husband. Moushumi is portrayed as an object who listens to what Gogol says, but she slowly gains power as she begins to cheat and at the end she becomes the subject because she has the power and ends the relationship. | â€Å"†¦read the book he had once forsaken, has abandoned until now. Until moments ago it was destined to disappear from his life altogether, but he salvaged it by chance, as his father was pulled from a crushed train forty years agoâ€Å" (Lahiri 290)| Another main theme is identities. Throughout the story Gogol only wants an American life, he decides to rebel against his culture by changing is name from Gogol to Nikhil. This quote develops the plot because it shows that by the end of the story Gogol gains more knowledge about his culture and slowly begins to accept it. When Gogol finally decides to read the book he is in the setting of his home specifically his room. This shows that throughout his journey (highschool/university) Gogol rebelled against his culture and it did nothing but brought him back to his own bed. The book Gogol`s father gives him is an anima symbol because it represents the feminine side of both Gogol and his father. Books are known to give information and to express ones feelings, this is also what females are known to do. By giving his son this book Gogol`s father is sharing his life story and how he felt about the train crash with his son. The train crash is a metaphor for life and death because the train represents how quick life really is and the crash represents the end of it. The symbol of the book developed the plot because without the book there wouldn’t be anything to symbolise Gogol`s fathers journey. After Gogol`s fathers passing Gogol becomes the subject in his house. Ashima and Sonia live under patriarchy because Gogol tells them what to do and what not to do. The story also follows the universal unconscious of men being the one to protect their families. As soon as Mr. Ganguli a hard working proletariat passes away everyone expects the son to step up and protect the family. Ashima doesn’t mind this because she is use to having a man protect her. This follows the stereotype of men leading the household and women just being objects and following. Women are represented as weak people in this story because they cannot do things for themselves and they always rely on men. In my household both my mom and dad have an equal say in everything that goes on, they both contribute there ideas. Also in the world today you definitely don’t always find men leading. Women are becoming leaders and filling many positions that are usually occupied by men. For example many women today are working in construction sites and are accountants or doctors. If I was Ashima I would learn to become more independent and not rely on men to do everything, this would give me a sense of pride because I would realise I can live my life without a husband. Ashima`s persona throughout the story is a caring mother who tries her very best to make her family happy. One key ideology in this story is education makes you a better person because it instils positive values. Gogol studied hard throughout university and finally became an architect. Throughout his education he gained positive values such as being very hardworking and intelligent and this helps him throughout his journey. How to cite Double Entry Journal Example, Papers

My Struggle With Self Confidence Essay Example For Students

My Struggle With Self Confidence Essay CONFIDENCEThis is another core problem I will discuss. As Tzwick and Muncie (1989) contributed that, ‘confidence is the key to success’. â€Å"It is something either one has or does not, but can always be accomplished over time†. My struggle with self-confidence started after I lost my father. It was difficult for me to see another replacing image like the relationship I had with him. I had a very hard time in Nigeria and I lacked self-confidence in affronting new challenges. My first approach or look was to see them as a strong obstacle to overcome. Then, my only reliance was my studies and I had to register with the debate club and drama society. Based on what Hardwick (1990) suggested, that one attracts good stuff in life if he/she is able to cram more confidence in heart, I felt it is necessary to dedicate my time in these activities. These helped to boost my confidence as I started improving gradually until I moved to Italy to meet my husband.As I moved to Italy, being a non-English speaking country, and having to learn Italian language became a new challenge again as Hoftede (2010, p21) highlighted that language is evidently a learned characteristic not inherent, It seems to draw me back to a closure as to express myself perfectly was proving difficult among the indigenes. Tzwick and Muncie (1989) in their contribution said that others are the â€Å"complete opposite, and are scared of being judged or ridiculed by others†. I found myself to belong among this group so I started looking for a solution. I came to realise that I could write well than speak so I had to register with a recitation club and that helped me a lot to grow more confidence on my spoken Italian language. After some years in Italy, I moved to United Kingdom . .acts. All these assignments as I captioned them, motivated me to improve on my area of culture, communication and confidence because I am studying to empower, teach, motivate, and at the same time shaping peoples attitude.This improvement were possible because I focused on one important basic step for improvement ‘knowing yourself’ with Julia, I learnt how important it is for me to know my learning styles which helped me a lot to comprehend all the improvement I needed to be an HR professional. After I have completed my VAK questionnaire (VAK learning styles), I found out that I belong to the group of auditory in which I need to dictate my thoughts. This has helped me a lot in the sense that reading out makes it easy for me to retain and remember what I want to say at any particular moment unlike before that I forgot easily and it jeopardised my communication skill.

Wool worth information free essay sample

A description of the core business of the company including full details of its operating activities. B. A discussion on any significant issues emerging from the Chairmans Report. C. A discussion on any significant issues emerging from the Managing Directors Report. D. A discussion on companys Corporate Governance Statement. E. A calculation of the key financial ratios for 2012. F. An overall assessment of the company and your recommendation on investing in the company. In making an overall assessment, you may conduct additional research on Woolworth too.For example, http://www. News. Com. AU/business/ Woolworth-betting-on-booze-profits-as-it-looks-to-expand-hotel-meme re/ story-frame 1 I- 1226223987450 Please note the following: Format: Business report Contribution to overall assessment: 20% Engel: 2000 2200 words Due date: 25 September, 201 3 Your work must comply with the University General Guide for the presentation of Academic Work. Http://www. Ballard. Due. AU/current- students/assistance, -support-and-services/ academic-support/ general-guide- for-the-presentation-of-academic-work This is a group-assignment.Each group needs to have 2 to 3 members in it. We will write a custom essay sample on Wool worth information or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Please organism yourselves into groups. Please make sure that names and ID numbers of all group members are stated on the cover sheet of your submission. As this is a group assignment, each member of a group is awarded the same mark. Working in groups has its pros and cons. I am sure that you will hold constructive and energetic group discussions on the issues at hand. In case of any disagreements, you will be able to resolve them in a democratic and rational way. There will be times when you may have to agree to disagree with each other.Invariably different group members bring different skills to a project; it is up to you to make the best of it. I believe one can learn a lot by discussing the issues with ones colleagues. If you happen to find your group members are not pulling their weight or there are problems with any members commitment, then please try to resolve those issues amongst yourselves. Open and honest communication always helps. If you are unable to resolve these issues, you are most alcove to see me and we will try to sort out the problems together.Do this as soon as possible and certainly before the due date. Please adapt this to suit your group, particularly the last two paragraphs. BUSHWHACK, Semester 2, 2013, Group Assignment Names: Student Numbers: Bases of assessment HAD p Technical component: accuracy in calculations. Format: The VICAR outline as per The General Guide for the Presentation of Academic Work. Content: Identification of relevant issues. Research: Selection of relevant material. A demonstration of critical evaluation of the issues.

Culture and the Black Freedom Struggle

Introduction The United States is the world’s ultimate super power constituted by a diverse mix of different races. 13 percent of these constituents are pre-dominantly blacks. Even in this era, inequality and racism seem to be rampant in the country and in fact, capitalism seems to feed off these vices; as Malcolm X said, â€Å"You cannot have capitalism without racism†.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Culture and the Black Freedom Struggle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aftermath of the Katrina disaster exposed these ugly trends in the country after many blacks were displaced and seemed to be neglected. Statistics show that the black community has decreased in terms of population in New Orleans; once at 67 percent, now is at 58 percent. Louisiana Republican Congressman, Richard Baker said, â€Å"We finally cleaned up public housing in New Orleans. We couldn’t do it, but God did† referring to the displacement of poor black residents in New Orleans. Black youth seem to be the target of police harassment and imprisonment in addition to them being the most exploited and unemployed in the country. These inequalities have sparked social explosions as was evident in 1992 when there were riots in Los Angeles, a rich city having a large number of poor blacks. The past struggles which yielded the heroes of yesteryears have done little to improve the lives of many blacks who have not experienced any change. Black culture Black freedom struggle has taken many shapes over time, but during this period shaped what is commonly and popularly referred to as black (African-American) culture. The struggle has taken various steps since the slavery days when Africans were shipped into America. The march on Washington Campaign of 1940 is the earliest cited genesis of the struggle by â€Å"No Coward Soldiers† and subsequent struggles have taken the shape of bus boycotts (M ontgomery 1955-56), freedom rides in 1960, Poor People’s March in 1968 and attempts at establishing a black political party in 1970. All these events exuded passion from the black community and have largely influenced black culture to this day. â€Å"No Coward Soldiers†, has traced the development of the modern freedom struggle and attributes it to the need by blacks to have a distinct culture that uniquely defines and influences them. In an attempt to understand the modern freedom struggle, this paper focuses on the black culture which has influenced the struggle and is influenced by the black community today. The genesis of the distinct African-American culture is the fight against white hegemony. This factor has probably singularly shaped most of what constitutes the black culture albeit not single handedly. The need to have a political structure that advocates the needs of the black community has also played a big part in the shaping of black culture. Politics and culture neither substitute nor determine one another but rather relate each other in a more complex manner. Politics can shape culture and vice versa. Therefore, in an attempt to understand black culture, the book attempts to analyze black internal politics.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More African-American culture has its roots in sub-Saharan ad Sahelean cultures, it has however been greatly influenced by white culture in the post-slavery era. It is one of the most unique cultures which greatly influences mainstream American culture and that of the world evidenced in music, art, literature, cuisine and sport. The culture aids in the removal of historical complexities from the mind. Take for example black music which is accepted world wide and is central to black culture as it a reflection of it. Politics are central in the influence of cultures and present modern day heroes for the common African-American in the likes of Obama, Rice and Powell. African-Americans consider themselves the saving nation of the larger American nation and this notion is captured in poems such as ‘My Blackness Is the Beauty of This Land’(Martin, 11). Blacks are known for their interests in political processes compared to any other minority group in the US evident in the large numbers of registered voters. They also have higher education levels compared to any migrants in the country. This helps to show that blacks are fighting on every front to level the playing field when compared to whites so as to better advocate their rights which they feel have not been wholly addressed. While upholding the doctrine of beating people at their own game, blacks have enrolled in all social areas and are striving to excel in those areas so as to offer themselves the opportunities that they previously have been denied. The accent of Obama to presidency, the presence of sports heroes in the likes of Gay and Kobe, the wealth accrued by Oprah and Johnson of Black entertainment Television and other examples have been a driving force in empowering blacks and better placing them to advance their struggle for true and ultimate freedom. They have not only black Americans with the impetus, but also provided white America with new ways of describing black bodies and sounds distinctively(Sklaroff, 247). African-Americans largely favor the traditional American values. They cite their culture as the major determinant in their opposition to same-sex marriages and the upholding of traditional family values which discouraged divorce. Increased divorce rates among blacks, and increased single parent households evidenced by the fact that only 38 percent of black children live with both parents (McKinnon 2003), indicate an influence of white culture and changing economic realities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Culture and the Black Freedom Struggle spec ifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"No Coward Soldiers†, draws parallels between the past freedom struggle and the present freedom struggles and argues it from a realities perspective. The past was characterized by fight for equality brought about by segregation whereas the present although still focused on equality is of a different nature. â€Å"In black culture, we can find a history of American perfidy, American violence, American oppression and American racism, all captured for our delectation in a way that provokes reflection without spurring us into action† (Cashmore, 170). He further adds that the culture of blacks is the source of comfort rather than a challenge. It is in the culture that blacks draw their inspiration as they reflect on the road they have taken to a form of freedom envisaged by the initial freedom fighters. Conclusion â€Å"No Coward Soldiers† has discussed in detail the genesis and the co ntinued proliferation of black freedom struggle. The fact that culture has played a major role in the shaping of this struggle over the years is not in doubt, in fact, both the culture and the freedom struggle have affected each other mutually. It is the struggle that conglomerated blacks in the beginning and it has continued to umbrella them in institutions appealing to their course. For example, blacks initially were republican since Abraham Lincoln aided in abolishing slavery, they have since defected to the democratic movement as Johnson and Kennedy were sympathetic to the civil rights movement of 1960’s. Works Cited Cashmore, Ellis. The Black Culture Industry. London: Routledge, 1997 Martin, Waldo E. Jr. No Coward Soldiers. Black Cultural Politics in Postwar America. President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2005Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More McKinnon, Jesse. The Black Population in the United States: March 2002. United States Census Bureau, 2003 Sklaroff, Lauren Rebecca. Black Culture and the New Deal: the quest for civil rights in the Roosevelt era. Charlotte: The University of North Carolina Press, 2009 This essay on Culture and the Black Freedom Struggle was written and submitted by user Yaretzi Williamson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition and Examples of Buzzwords in English

Definition and Examples of Buzzwords in English Buzzword is an informal term for a fashionable word or phrase thats often used more to impress or persuade than to inform. Also called a  buzz term, buzz phrase, vogue word, and fashion word. The second edition of Random House Websters Unabridged Dictionary  defines buzzword as a word or phrase, often sounding authoritative or technical, that is a vogue term in a particular profession, field of study, popular culture, etc. In  Communication at a Distance,  Kaufer and Carley nicely observe that buzzwords come under attack with the recognition that a person may be trying to pass off for substance or meat the hum of a buzzwords remote implications. Examples and Observations For months the [Federal Reserve] used the word ‘patience’ to describe its stance toward a rate hike. Having lost ‘patience’ in March, the new buzzword is ‘flexible.’ As used by the Fed, the terms are essentially synonymous. But get used to hearing ‘flexible.’ It’s going to be around for a while.(Dunstan Prial, Flexibility New Fed Buzzword. Fox News, May 14, 2015)Iterate- Weve long lamented the rise of trendy language in advertising and business, but while we’ve played buzzword bingo and occasionally pointed fingers at those who speak in clichà ©s, something more serious lies beneath the jargon.The catchphrases we use serve as a shared language- they’re how we signal our belonging to the tribe of marketers. But when highly precise terms are misappropriated in an attempt to project a false sense of authority, that’s when we lose meaning. . . .Iterate. Once iterate meant a design process where various eleme nts would progress through sequential steps, to hone in on the optimal solution; now it means nothing beyond merely describing a stage in a process.(Tom Goodwin, 8 Media Buzzwords That Weve Lost Forever. Adweek, 2014)The dictionary tells us that iterate means to do again and again. In its buzzword guise, it is one of many design terms that has jumped the rhetorical fence, pulled along by related terms like innovate, into philanthropy. Sexier than your grandmother’s pilot program, iterations mean trying something small, learning from it, and improving as you go along.(Lucy Bernholz, Buzzwords to Watch in 2015. The Chronicle of Philanthropy, December 8, 2014) Sound ScienceNo one . . . is sure what sound science means.The phrase has more to do with anti-regulatory lobbying than with laboratory results, said Donald Kennedy, the former head of the Food  and Drug Administration and now the editor in chief of the influential magazine Science.Sound science is whatever somebody likes, Kennedy said. Its essentially a politically useful term, but it doesnt have any normative meaning whatsoever. My science is sound science, and the science of my enemies is junk science.The phrase has been on a roll since 1992, when lobbyists for the tobacco industry argued that no sound science showed that secondhand smoke is a health hazard.(Iris Kuo, Sound Science Isnt Just a Catch Phrase- Its a Real Persuasive Technique. Knight Ridder Newspapers, May 3, 2006)Reform[T]oo often, the word reform is co-opted to add a veneer of credibility to lazy thinking and bad ideas. Reform must be more than a password politicians whisper in search of approval. Or a buzzword ta cked on to a poorly crafted policy. True reform isn’t a test of rhetoric, or salesmanship, or spin.(Bill Shorten, Reform Should Be More Than a Buzzword. The Australian, November 7, 2015) Leverage and DeleverageLeverage is a word heard frequently during the current financial crisis. It means borrowing heavily to maximize investment returns. The problem is that leverage was used to invest in mortgages that went bad. The new buzzword in the financial world is deleverage.(Chris Arnold, Financial Sectors New Buzzword Is Deleverage, Morning Edition, NPR, Sep. 19, 2008)Personalized LearningLets do a fact check. Personalized learning is a  buzzword  for software programs that act like automatic tutors: giving feedback, allowing students to go at their own pace and recommending lessons based on a students previous work.(Anya Kamenetz, Mark Zuckerberg Is Betting Tech Can Address Educational Equity. Is It That Simple? NPR, December 5, 2015) Buzzwords in Business Writing The Fortune 500 communications professionals surveyed for this stylebook are split down the middle when it comes to the use of buzzwords in business writing. Approximately half disdain buzzwords of any kind while the other half think some buzzwords are effective (for instance, bottom line, globalize, incentivize, leverage, paradigm shift, proactive, robust, synergy and value-added). As a general rule, use buzzwords judiciously, always keeping the readers in mind. If a buzzword is lively and capable of injecting some spunk into a dull sentence (and it does not alienate the readers), then use it.(Helen Cunningham and Brenda Greene, The Business Style Handbook. McGraw-Hill, 2002)Im  no fan of buzzwords. I dislike them so much I created my own buzzword to describe the fight against overused workplace gibberish: dynamic jargon disruption.  Its a phrase Im hoping will catch on, but even a nationally renowned dynamic jargon disrupter like myself will admit that some buzzwords have their place. One of those is engagement.You hear it a lot these days, and with good reason. Engagement, which is essentially how much you dig your job, has been shown quantitatively and qualitatively to have a direct impact on productivity.Its a simple concept, really. If you like your job and care about your job and feel invested in the work youre doing, youll work harder and the company will retain quality workers.(Rex Huppke, Engagement Is a Buzzword Worth Making Noise About. Chicago Tribune, April 17, 2015) Of all the buzzwords to evolve in management science, change may be the most venerable of all.  A buzzword is  assumed to represent such a good thing that its use and form are unexamined.(Jonathan I. Klein, Corporation Failure by Design. Greenwood, 2000)GranularityTheres that word again: granularity.Its a mouthful of a term used by guys like Army Lt. Gen. David H. Petraeus, the top U.S. commander in Iraq; retired Gen. Barry McCaffrey; and White House press secretary Tony Snow. . . .Lately, people have been invoking the word to mean specificity. Certain things, such as the administrations vision for the future of Iraq, lack granularity. Newlyweds dreams, psychic-network predictions, and late-night kitchen-table get-rich-quick schemes also suffer from granularity deprivation. . . .Granularity is a hot word, says Mike Agnes, editor in chief of Websters New World dictionaries, in Cleveland. It gives people a word they can use for a new way of looking at thingswhether it be engineerin g, business, politicsand a new way of evaluating.It means depth of detail, he says. If you were a photographer or an astronomer, speaking of an image, you would use the term resolution.All of a sudden, Agnes says, granularity is a buzzword.(Linton Weeks, Granularity: The Nitty-Gritty About This Particulate of Speech. The Washington Post, Feb. 7, 2007) Buzzword Bingo in the U.K.Office jargon has become so prevalent in the UK, people are using phrases and happily admitting they have no idea what they are talking about. A new survey by Office Angles found 65% of those who attend daily meetings frequently encountered business jargon.It has even spurned a new boardroom pastimebuzzword bingo, in which employees gleefully tick off corporate-speak used by their bosses.(Buzzword Bingo: Coining the Lingo, BBC News, Feb. 15, 2000)The Coming and Going of BuzzwordsEvery decade seems to have its particular buzz words that roar through the culture and become mantras in media, business, and political lexicons, then disappear after a few years like Boy George. Topping the business charts in 1970s was the very buzzy Management by ObjectiveMBO. CEOs and Governors twitched with excitement over it. And remember synergism, in the 1980s? It sounded vaguely sexual. America was going through one of its frequent merger cycles and synergy was the yellow bri ck road. That is until vertical integration came along.(Tom Alderman, The Best Buzzwords of the Year. The Huffington Post, September 25, 2008) The Lighter Side of Buzzwords (Simpsons Style)Executive:  We at the network want a dog with attitude. Hes  edgy, hes  in your face. Youve heard the expression lets get busy? Well, this is a dog who gets  biz-zay! Consistently and thoroughly.Krusty the Clown:  So hes  proactive, huh?Executive:  Oh, God, yes. Were talking about a totally outrageous  paradigm.Meyers:  Excuse me, but  proactive  and  paradigm? Arent these just  buzzwords  that dumb people use to sound important? Not that Im accusing you of anything like that. Im fired, arent I?Executive:  Oh, yes.(The Itchy Scratchy Poochie Show.  The Simpsons, 1997)

The importance of jazz in American culture Essay

The importance of jazz in American culture - Essay Example The origins of jazz may lie in the blues rhythms that developed in the period immediately following the American Civil War and the emancipation of slaves. The distinctive element of the blues is that through the performance of a solo artist, an attempt is made to translate emotions into music through humming, moaning, and soundless effects added to the actual words of the song (Halim, No Date). Jazz developed from the blues, but it differed from the blues in that it had a more cheerful, uplifting note within it. In the words of Stanley Crouch, jazz historian and critic, the love for the music felt by both white and black communities helped to make jazz â€Å"a futuristic social force in which one was finally judged purely on the basis of ones individual ability. Jazz predicted the civil rights movement more than any other art in America." (Hentoff, 2009). It was in essence a tool to reach out to people everywhere, irrespective of their color and therefore a tool that could function as a means to break down segregation and lead to the development of a non-segregated society. Lewine (1992) has described how jazz slowly became synonymous with popular culture. America emerged into the 20th century as a society where culture was necessarily associated with the high brow, more genteel sections of society. But jazz entered this cultural arena as a vital new element that was so distinctive that it appeared to be â€Å"the new product of a new age†, while culture appeared to be traditional, having developed over the centuries (Lewine, 1992:7). Yet, culture and jazz appeared to define each other, because the emergence of this new form of music which was (a) spontaneous (b) raucous and (c) participatory in that the audiences joined in vigorously, and its enormous popularity redefined the entire element of what constituted culture.

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political Science - Essay Example The policies which are given as recommendations seem to be quite useable for those who defend the consensus since they call it necessary for progress. Supporters of the Washington Consensus say that following these recommendations can only lead to greater economic independence for debt laden countries and it is a path which leads to the development of the industrial and services sector. However, those who oppose the policies say that the Washington Consensus is merely a method for America and other developed nations to enter new markets and exploit their resources (Williamson, 2000). Both sides have been quite vocal about their feelings and each highlights the successes and the failures of the consensus. The supporters of the Washington Consensus say that many people misunderstand the recommendations since they are not universally applicable to all nations at all times. Instead of looking at the consensus as forced neo-liberal policies, the policies should be seen as recommendations coming from those who have achieved economic development to those who have yet to achieve it (Harvard University, 2003). On the other hand, those who oppose the policies recommended by the Washington bodies say that the policies are mandated in connected to grants and aid money. Even when the policies have been implemented, they often lead to the country running into a economic crisis which brings more misery for the people than economic development (Harvard University, 2003). Clearly, the difference of opinion warrants a deeper understanding of the policies themselves since they appear to be quite controversial. The primary policies under the Washington Consensus have been outlined by Williamson (2000) as the implementation of monetary discipline in terms of free trade and public expenditure and investments in projects that give economic returns to the people. The alleviation of poverty and

Telenor Group Case Study

Telenor Group Case Study CASE STUDY TELENOR 1. General information about the Telenor Group The Telenor Group is the leading telecommunications company in Norway and one of the leading mobile operators in the world in terms of subscription. The company is also the biggest provider of television services in the Nordic region, while at the same time being present as the mobile operator in some of the fastest growing markets. Headquarters of the Telenor Group are located in Oslo, Norway. The company is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. With the end of the third quarter of 2009, the Telenor Group has achieved 172 million of mobile subscriptions worldwide and it currently employs approximately 40.000 people in thirty countries. As it is widely familiar, Norway, as well as other Scandinavian countries, is known as extremely developed technology market in the beginning of the 21st century, achieving some of the highest penetration rates for new technologies, such as mobile phones and high speed internet. This actually represents a kind of tradition of the country, having in mind the fact that in 1855 the first telegraph line has been built, followed by the first telephone network connecting the cities of Arendal and Tvederstrand in 1878. Furthermore, Norway was one of the first world countries to introduce mobile telephone system in 1967, which was analogue based and manually operated. In order to understand business operations of Telenor, it seems necessary to make a short historical overview of the companys origins. Beginnings of the Telenor Group date back in 1855 when it was established as a state operated monopoly, bearing the name Norwegian Telegraph Administration NTA (also known as Telegrafverket) and offering the provision of telegraph services. In the last decade of the 19th century, development of the Norways early telephone network was handled by private companies. Norwegian Telegraph Administration, which was in the ownership of the state, gradually took over the privately owned companies in the market and gained control over the sector. Since then, Telenor gained more than 150 years of telecom experience. In 1969, the NTA changed its name to Televerket, also known as Norwegian Telecommunications. With the purchase of Andebu, the last privately owned company in the sector of telecommunications in 1974, Televerket obtained control of the monopoly of t he services of telephone and telecommunications and retained that position till the beginning of the last decade of the 20th century. By the beginning of the 1990s, the company pioneered a new generation of mobile telephone services based on the GSM protocol, which was later accepted and implemented thought Europe. GSM service was launched in 1993 and was followed by the expansion of the company in the field of television broadcasting. This strategic decision provided the company with the opportunity to position itself as the dominant provider of satellite based broadcasting in the Scandinavian region. Since the Norwegian authorities had a tendency to deregulate the telecom sector in the country, the process of deregulation commenced in 1994 and lasted till 1998, with a partial deregulation sector by sector. Even before the government deregulation began, Televerket started with the company restructuring which lasted for four years and included the transformation of the company from a state owned to a public company, as well as the change of the company name to Telenor in 1995. Additionally, the company was a subject of partial privatization in 2000, which gave it a substantial boost of 15.6 billion NOK[1] of new capital and listed it on the Oslo Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. At the beginning of the privatization process, the Government remained the owner of 77.7% of the company, while this percentage was reduced to 53% by 2006. The company was rankedtop performer bythe Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes in 2007 and 2008. The main services which Telenor provides to its consumers and companies worldwide include the following segments: voice, data, content and other services. * In the segment of Voice, Telenor provides people to talk to each other by using fast and reliable networks. This segment focuses on the conversation on the phone, including fixed line, mobile or IP telephony. Fixed voice communication services are provided for users in three countries of the Nordic region and mobile voice in twelve different countries in Europe and Asia. * The segment of Data encompasses of the Internet and broadband services. The company offers fixed line data services like ADSL and fiber-optic communications in the countries of the Nordic region, and mobile data services such as mobile broadband, GPRS, UMTS in 12 countries. From the beginning of 2008, the company has started 3G based mobile broadband services inseven of its markets. * In the field of Content, TV services and mobile content, Telenor offers TV services via cable, digital terrestrial and satellite networks in four Nordic markets. Furthermore, the company also provides mobile content services in several markets, such as mobile TV, sports, ring tones, music and movies. * As far as otherservices are concerned, Telenor has a diversified offer that consists of services, which are telecom related, and the service portfolio is different from one country to another. Depending on the market, the company provides services in the filed of maritime communications, IT consulting, and aircraft communications services. In several markets the company provides Net-centric services, which refer to the IT security for individual consumers and enterprises and machine to machine (M2M) services for enterprises. The major part of the Telenor`s activities is organized in three regions and includes thirteen countries: Asia: Bangladesh, Malaysia, Pakistan, Thailand and India. Nordic countries: Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. Centraland Eastern Europe: Hungary, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine. From the beginning of the 1990s, Telenor begun with its international expansion in the field of mobile communications, penetrating the markets of the following countries: Russia in 1994, Bangladesh, Greece, Ireland, Germany and Austria in 1997, Ukraine in 1998, Malaysia in 1999, Denmark and Thailand in 2000, Hungary in 2002, Montenegro and Pakistan in 2004, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Serbia in 2006. Operations in Greece, Ireland and Germany were sold and the money obtained from this sale has been re invested in the emerging markets. Additionally, in 2005 Vodafone[2] in Sweden was acquired by Telenor. 1.1. Mission and Strategy Telenors primary objective is to create greater value for its shareholders, customers, employees and partners, and for the society in general. The company is dedicated to being at the forefront in creating, simplifying and introducing communication and content solutions to the marketplace. In order to comply with the given goal, Telenor bases its strategy on its customer oriented vision, Here to Help, as well as its core values, Make it easy, Keep promises, Be inspiring and Be respectful. Telenors main strategy is to upgrade the performance of the local mobile operations by combining Groups industrialization with local drive and responsiveness, in the regions where it conducts its business operations: Nordic region, Eastern and Central Europe and Asia. Furthermore, the company plans to maintain its leading position in the Nordic region with a diversified portfolio of communication services. This strategy could be defragmented to the following focus areas: Strengthening of the position of the company as an international mobile operator. Telenor plans to continue the process of strengthening its industrialization of the mobile operations by gaining control over chosen mobile companies. Control is crucial in order to benefit from synergies obtained by cross border activities, such as scale in procurement, development of new services and implementation of best practices, improvement of operational efficiency and the increase of the overall profitability. Telenor plans to manage the non-strategic investments as financial investments and to exit from international mobile operations where the company cannot obtain control over time. Strengthening of the companys position in the Nordic region. Telenor will continue to upgrade its services in the field of mobile and fixed telephony in the Nordic region by using the benefits obtained from economies of scale and cross-border synergies. The company strongly feels that its Nordic presence will improve support to the customers by improving upon its expertise both mobile and fixed services. To find itself at the forefront of communications services providers in Norway. Since the company is the leader in a broad range of services in both the residential and business markets in Norway, Telenor will try to obtain better results in the sense of its profit in the mobile and fixed fields of activity, through the introduction of new services and through various cost-cutting measures. Maintaining of the position of the leader in field of distribution of TV services to consumers in the Nordic region. Telenor additionally insists on finding new possibilities and solutions which will contribute to the strengthening of its strategic position as the leading distributor of subscription based television in the Nordic region. The company will dedicate its activities to contact and attract new users and increase revenue per user through its attractive content and new interactive services. Non strategic companies. Telenor will enhance the value of those companies, which are not strategic for its main business areas and dispose of all or part of its interest in such companies. 1.2. Regional presence Even though Telenor is present in the three dominant regions of the world, the Nordic region is the one where Telenor group has been present since 1855, and the company has held a strong position in the Scandinavian region ever since. The Nordic region is the one from which the majority of Telenor`s income comes from. As it is shown in diagrams 1 and 2, in the first quarter of 2009, 41% of total company revenues came from this region, as well as 37% of EBITDA[3] distribution. The three markets out of which the Nordic region is composed of, in fact represent specific markets with unique differences. For example, although Sweden still has a high use of fixed line telephony, it finds itself at the forefront of the mobile broadband services. Denmark is the market whose customers are the keenest users of SMS and are most interested in content services. Finally, Norwegian customers show growing interest in digital music services and Telenor Group has a high share on this market. The Nordic region is also significant since Telenor combines present and future technologies in the telecom field. As a supplement to existing offers, Telenor provides new broadband technologies, such as Fibre to the Home (FTH) and Long Term Evolution (LTE), the 4th generation mobile broadband standard. The strong distinction between fixed and mobile telephony is slowly vanishing in these markets. According to the data obtained from†¦..there is an evident transition from fixed to mobile networks. The data implicate that the mobile share of voice traffic has increased from 20% in 2003 to 60% in 2008. This is one of the reasons why Telenor acquired Vodafone in Sweden in 2006. Furthermore, the company now has 4G licenses in Norway and Sweden. In order to build networks and share spectrum of mobile communication, Telenor has joined Tele2[4] in a joint venture. The plan is to launch the LTE based broadband services by the end of 2010. This action will position Telenor as the leader of the 4G development worldwide. The same project is planned for Norway, with the difference that it will start in 2011. The Telenor Group has penetrated the Asian region in 1996, through the investment in Grameenphone[5] in Bangladesh. From the very beginning of its operations in Asia, the market has been the cornerstone of the development of the Telenor Group, enabling opportunities for growth in one of the most populated and fastest growing markets in the world. Additionally, mobile operations in Asia have a significant contribution to the total revenues and EBITDA of the Group. Data obtained in the first quarter of 2009 show that the region generated 30% of the revenues, 28% of the Groups EBITDA, and a total of 67 million mobile subscribers of the region. The company has received many awards for innovation and services in the past ten years and has been the driving force in the network development of Asia. Additionally, it has significantly increased the capacity of the regional network and provided coverage, connecting millions of people in new areas, who were previously unconnected. Over the past few years the Asian mobile market has been growing significantly. The growth is additionally stimulated by continuous innovations and new services provided by the company. The Group is active in the markets of Pakistan, Malaysia, Thailand and Bangladesh, and the company holds 3G license in Malaysia. Another important step of Telenor was the acquisition of Unitech Wireless[6] in India, through which the company penetrated one of the worlds largest and fastest growing markets. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the mobile markets of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia became a part of Telenor`s business operations. The main characteristic of these markets is the growth opportunity, making it significant part of the Telenor`s strategy in the years to come. Even though the markets of Central and Eastern Europe are challenging economic environment due to the process of transition, which these countries have undergone or are still undergoing, mobile operations of the Group deliver solid financial performances. The first quarter of 2009 shows that Telenor generated 17% of Groups total revenues and 32% of EBITDA. The region also generated 93 million of mobile subscribers. Also, the region of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia has achieved rapid growth in mobile subscription both in consumer, as well as business markets. The company is currently involved in investments in the 3G network in Hungary, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro. The priority is given to the n ew technological and eco friendly solutions, like the wind and solar powered base stations in Hungary, and testing of the new generation wireless broadband in Montenegro. 2. Telenor in Serbia Telenor`s presence in the Balkan region started at the beginning of 1990s when the company launched its operations in Hungary in 2002 by operating Pannon[7], followed by activities in Montenegro through Promonte[8] and finally, Serbia in 2006. Telenor penetrated the Serbian market through the purchase of the Serbian company Mobi 63, Serbias second largest mobile operator and this actually represents the largest privatization transaction in the central and eastern Europe in 2006, as reported by the audit company PriceWaterHouseCoopers. Telenor Group outbid two other short listed competitors at the auction (Mobilkom from Austria and Orascom Telecom from Egypt), offering a bid of 1.513 billion euros. Telenor took over the company on 31st of July 2006, upon the completion of all legal requirements and the signing of the Sales Agreement. The entire auction was broadcasted live on the Serbian national television and was attended by the highest state representatives. Mobi 63, formerly known as Mobtel, was formed by the Government of Serbia in the month of April of 2006, upon the revocation of the operators mobile license, which occurred due to the illegal dealings of the companys previous owners, who were suspected to have sold t he operators license in Kosovo to Mobikos, without requesting permission from the official authorities of Serbia. The Government then proclaimed that the sale was a threat to the national security. The acquisition of Mobi 63 made by Telenor includes a ten year license for GSM 900/1800 and 3G operation for the company, which is renewable for a successive period of ten years upon application. Additionally, the company also obtained Mobi 63`s existing assets, which included the base of approximately 2.5 million customers (in the end of 2005). In just three months upon its arrival to the Serbian market, Telenor invested approximately 15.3 million euros in the equipment of the highest technology, necessary to meet the requirements of the planned network expansion on the territory of Serbia. For this purpose, Telenor signed cooperation agreement with Erickson. Additionally, another contract with the Erickson Company worth 40 million euros for the purpose of network improvement was signed by the end of 2006. The main objective of these investments was to upgrade the quality and the capacity of the existing network, which consequently brings additional quality and services to its users. The actual benefit for the users of the Telenor network is its expanded coverage and good quality. Starting form March 1st 2007, the company enabled the use of commercial services in Serbia, provided by the 3G mobile broadband technology, which consequently provides its users with the possibility to get easier and faster access to the contents on the internet, such as movies, music videos or TV program. 2.1. Relationship towards the employees When Telenor acquired Mobi 63 in August 2006, the company had 926 employees. The newly appointed top management reached a strategic decision to take over the entire infrastructure of the company, as well as its personnel, meaning that there will not be any reduction in the number of employees. In fact, quite the opposite thing occurred in the next three years: the number of employees gradually started growing. In the end of 2007 there had been approximately 1000 employees. By the end of 2008, this number grew to 1100, and finally on December 31st 2009, Telenor had a total of 1207 employees. Having in mind that the field of telecommunications is exposed to everyday changes, Telenor`s employees are expected to adapt to them, set their own objectives in their segment of work, as well as to take on new responsibilities and discover their new talents. In 2007, 2008 and 2009, the company organized a number of trainings, seminars and workshops for its personnel. Through these actions, Telenor tends to provide continuous professional growth and expertise opportunities. Some of the most important ones are: Trainings for future leaders Welcome trainings Codes of conduct Human resource management Communication skills trainings Telenor`s Code of Conduct is one of the key principles upon which the activities of the company are based. This document includes a set of employee policies that cover ethical and legal practices for nearly every aspect of the business. It focuses on the personal responsibility and each employee has to conduct business legally and ethically. Also, it defines ethical rules of behavior for the companys business partners, as well as users. Corporate ethics is very important in the company. The principles of corporate ethics are applicable to all members of the company, including the members of the managing board and top management and all other employees, who represent Telenor on any occasions. Furthermore, the company launched the so called HIT Project, which was encouraged by the television reportage made on one of Telenor`s subcontractors in Bangladesh, who was an obvious example of a company which contributes to bad work conditions, pollution of the environment and child labor. The project focuses on four elements: health, safety, security and environment, and its main objective is for Telenor to emphasize to its business partners the importance of respecting labor and human rights laws. Therefore, Telenor follows the activities of its suppliers in the field and remains in constant touch with them. Furthermore, human resource management conducts the employee satisfaction survey on a yearly basis in order to get a feed back from the employees about the level of their satisfaction, as well as the issues that could be improved and changed within the company. In 2009, the survey was conducted for the third consecutive year and a total percentage of employees which participated was 96.3%. The survey is conducted among all employees in the end of every working year, and concentrates on several important areas of employee satisfaction: satisfaction with job position and work conditions, communication and interpersonal relations within the company, leadership, bonus systems and career opportunities. Results obtained from the survey serve as the foundation for strategy planning for the upcoming years. This point is of particular importance in order to include the opinion of the staff in the process of future strategy defining and decision making, so that everyone can feel that they are a part of it. 2.2. Relationship with clients Top management of the company tends to combine its international experience and the local potential of the country where it operates. In the first year of its activities in the Serbian market, Telenor introduced a large number of significant innovations and new services important for the subscribers. Some of the most innovative products and services offered to the Serbian users are: New prepaid telephone numbers and new channel of sale Telenor Express. Mobile e mail service. The first internet parks in Serbia. Cheaper roaming prices for Telenor users in Hungary and Montenegro Telenor express is the channel of direct sales to customers, which has long and successful tradition in other markets where the company conducts its activities. The new prepaid numbers were introduced in all newspaper stands in Serbia, but could also be purchased through the Telenor Express channel of sale. Approximately twenty five express sales teams are traveling throughout Serbia with specially designed sales stands. In this way the company tries to have direct contact with the customers, to be closer and more available to them, as well as to offer new and innovative sales possibilities and good quality services. Additionally, new prepaid numbers are offered at a much lower rate than previously applied, and each package has higher value than the nominal value of the package. Persons, who decide to purchase a more expensive package, get substantially more free conversation minutes, as well as free text messages, than the ones who purchase a cheaper package. Mobile e-mail is a service dedicated firstly to those who are business users, with the main purpose to facilitate their activities when they find themselves outside the office and need immediate access to their computers. Furthermore, this service enables its users to access and handle their e-mails, calendar and phonebook. The service is compatible to the programs used on their original computers, and can be used by downloading a special software from the Telenor website. From December 1st 2006, Telenor users have the possibility to pay lower prices for roaming services in Hungary and Montenegro, thanks to Telenor network. At the same time, these prices are the lowest prices in comparison to other mobile operators in Serbia. On average, with this service, Telenor users in the Montenegro` s network Promonte are charged 15% less for their voice calls. Additionally, incoming calls from any destination are free of charge for postpaid users in this network. As far as the Hungarian Pannon mobile operator is concerned, prices of outgoing calls are approximately 60% lower, calls made to local mobile and fixed telephone numbers are 25% cheaper, including incoming calls. Calls made to other destinations are 40% cheaper. Additionally, Telenor subscribers have the opportunity to exchange MMS messages with people in ten different countries. The first countries and operators which established this kind of service with Telenor in Serbia are: 02 in Germany, Pannon in Hungary, Telenor in Pakistan, Telefonica 02 in Checz Republic, Sonofon in Denmark, Sunrise in Switzerland, ONE in Austria, Globul in Bulgaria, Telenor in Norway and DIGI in Malaysia. In June 2008, Telenor opened the first internet park in Belgrade, which at the same time represents the first park of this kind in Serbia. People can have free access to the internet and connecting of their portable computers to the internet network is possible either through the wireless connection, or via USB modems, which are located in different places in the park. In the first three months, citizens of Belgrade, as well as other visitors, had the opportunity to test all possibilities of the Internet network free of charge, while enjoying the open air at the same time. Instructions for the connection to the network are displayed on visible places in the park and offer simple explanations through several easy steps. In just several months upon the opening of the first internet park in Belgrade, similar concept was implemented in other Serbian cities: Nis, Novi Sad, Kragujevac and Kraljevo. In this way, citizens of these cities have the possibility to check their e-mails or search the internet sites for various contents. 2.3. Corporate responsibility, young and socially jeopardized categories. Mobile communications contribute to the social integration, having in mind the fact that people can be in touch no matter where they find themselves. However, for a significant number of people worldwide, communication services still represent a luxury and are not available to them. Access to this type of services, in a way, represents the means to fight poverty, ignorance and bad health conditions, as well as to enable people to improve their living situation. One of the main objectives of Telenor is to strive towards creation of value in modern society by offering the possibility of communication services to as many people as possible. In 2007, the auditing company Deloit did a thorough analysis of Telenor`s markets in Thailand, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Pakistan, Ukraine and Serbia which pointed to a very close connection between mobile telephony penetration and the increase of the GDP exists. The analysis pointed out to the fact that the increase of 10% in mobile communications could lead to the GDP rise of approximately 1.2%. Furthermore, the study showed that business operations of Telenor have positive contribution to the upgrading of the productivity level, economic welfare, improvements in health and education systems, improvement of conditions in rural areas and social groups with low incomes. Besides the focus on its business operations, Telenor also directs its activities towards the responsibility towards the local community in which it operates. An evidence to support this claim is the fact that Telenor Group is listed in the first position among twenty four leading mobile operators in the world on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index list, which ranks companies according to the criteria of their overall financial, social and ecological impact on the environment. Upon its arrival to the Serbian market, the top management of the company immediately started to develop different strategies concerning the beginning of the work in the field of corporate responsibility. For that purpose, Telenor established its own Foundation in March 2007, and in this way the company continued to invest in the development of Serbias social potentials. â€Å"The main objective of the Foundation is to initiate and support different types of projects and to develop useful and sustainable solutions which are easy to implement on the territory of the entire country. This is the core concept upon which the corporate responsibility of the company is based and which is being implemented world wide. Members of the Foundations Managing Board were chosen upon the criteria of their expertise in different fields and this enabled for the activities of the Foundation to be guided not only by the companys business plans, but also to adequately respond to the necessities of the Serbian society, its growth and development. Additionally, members of the top and middle management are directly involved in the projects of the Foundation and follow their course. Employees are also invited to participate and to set an example by their involvement, volunteer work and individual efforts.† Majority of the activities and projects which the Foundation conducts are directed towards the young population, their education and professional expertise, socially jeopardized categories, as well as the development of cultural production and art. Telenor`s Foundation accomplishes set objectives through various forms of initiatives: Cooperation with non governmental sector, public and private institutions in different types of projects. Programs of exchange of experts in the field of science and art, as well as providing opportunities for professional internships and scholarships. Exchange of information. Establishing the practice of round tables, seminars, conferences and other events which are in any way linked to the activities of Telenor. Organizing of tenders through which different types of trainings and research are offered. Particular emphasis is put on the young generation and talented people and socially jeopardized categories. 2.3.1. Activities of Telenor directed towards young population Foundation launches special programs, seminars lectures, classes and offers scholarships to those who are perceived as young experts in the fields which are relevant for Telenor`s activities. In 2007, Telenor introduced the award â€Å"Professor Ilija StojanoviĆ¡Ã¢â‚¬  in memory of professor Ilija Stojanovic, who was closely connected to the company and participated in its activities from the very beginning of its operations in Serbia. Every year the award of 1500 euros is given to young students, scientists and researchers for their achievements in the field of telecommunications, in three categories: Best paper / project in the field of telecommunications chosen from the Conference for electronics, telecommunications, informatics, automatics and nuclear technique, held on a yearly basis. Best paper / project chosen from the Telflor (yearly conference), held on a yearly basis. Best student of the Graduate School of Electro-technique (course telecommunications). The Foundation was among the first initiators for the cleaning of neglected areas of Belgrade. Participants of the campaign â€Å"Recycling of landscapes: Be creative and revive the city† were pupils of Belgrade high schools and various artists and the entire project was conducted on ten city locations: open cinemas in Vracar[9] and Zvezdara[10] municipality, summer stage and Pioneer city in Kosutnjak, yard filed of abandoned factory, Zvezdani gaj and other locations. The campaign was lasted throughout 2009 and in this period the locations have been cleaned, painted and decorated with art works. There had been approximately 1000 participants in the campaign and they had the opportunity to get acquainted with the creative art process. Development of the environment awareness was one of the key priorities of the project, which was realized in cooperation with the Belgrade City Assembly and Secretariat for sport and youth. The project became the part of the leading environmental project in Serbia â€Å"Let`s wake Serbia up†, under the patronage of the Ministry for the Environment Protection. , In cooperation with the National Television of Serbia, Telenor joined the campaign â€Å"Skola je Skul (School is Cool)†, which promotes school spirit, representing the most active schools that use creative methods Telenor Group Case Study Telenor Group Case Study CASE STUDY TELENOR 1. General information about the Telenor Group The Telenor Group is the leading telecommunications company in Norway and one of the leading mobile operators in the world in terms of subscription. The company is also the biggest provider of television services in the Nordic region, while at the same time being present as the mobile operator in some of the fastest growing markets. Headquarters of the Telenor Group are located in Oslo, Norway. The company is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. With the end of the third quarter of 2009, the Telenor Group has achieved 172 million of mobile subscriptions worldwide and it currently employs approximately 40.000 people in thirty countries. As it is widely familiar, Norway, as well as other Scandinavian countries, is known as extremely developed technology market in the beginning of the 21st century, achieving some of the highest penetration rates for new technologies, such as mobile phones and high speed internet. This actually represents a kind of tradition of the country, having in mind the fact that in 1855 the first telegraph line has been built, followed by the first telephone network connecting the cities of Arendal and Tvederstrand in 1878. Furthermore, Norway was one of the first world countries to introduce mobile telephone system in 1967, which was analogue based and manually operated. In order to understand business operations of Telenor, it seems necessary to make a short historical overview of the companys origins. Beginnings of the Telenor Group date back in 1855 when it was established as a state operated monopoly, bearing the name Norwegian Telegraph Administration NTA (also known as Telegrafverket) and offering the provision of telegraph services. In the last decade of the 19th century, development of the Norways early telephone network was handled by private companies. Norwegian Telegraph Administration, which was in the ownership of the state, gradually took over the privately owned companies in the market and gained control over the sector. Since then, Telenor gained more than 150 years of telecom experience. In 1969, the NTA changed its name to Televerket, also known as Norwegian Telecommunications. With the purchase of Andebu, the last privately owned company in the sector of telecommunications in 1974, Televerket obtained control of the monopoly of t he services of telephone and telecommunications and retained that position till the beginning of the last decade of the 20th century. By the beginning of the 1990s, the company pioneered a new generation of mobile telephone services based on the GSM protocol, which was later accepted and implemented thought Europe. GSM service was launched in 1993 and was followed by the expansion of the company in the field of television broadcasting. This strategic decision provided the company with the opportunity to position itself as the dominant provider of satellite based broadcasting in the Scandinavian region. Since the Norwegian authorities had a tendency to deregulate the telecom sector in the country, the process of deregulation commenced in 1994 and lasted till 1998, with a partial deregulation sector by sector. Even before the government deregulation began, Televerket started with the company restructuring which lasted for four years and included the transformation of the company from a state owned to a public company, as well as the change of the company name to Telenor in 1995. Additionally, the company was a subject of partial privatization in 2000, which gave it a substantial boost of 15.6 billion NOK[1] of new capital and listed it on the Oslo Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. At the beginning of the privatization process, the Government remained the owner of 77.7% of the company, while this percentage was reduced to 53% by 2006. The company was rankedtop performer bythe Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes in 2007 and 2008. The main services which Telenor provides to its consumers and companies worldwide include the following segments: voice, data, content and other services. * In the segment of Voice, Telenor provides people to talk to each other by using fast and reliable networks. This segment focuses on the conversation on the phone, including fixed line, mobile or IP telephony. Fixed voice communication services are provided for users in three countries of the Nordic region and mobile voice in twelve different countries in Europe and Asia. * The segment of Data encompasses of the Internet and broadband services. The company offers fixed line data services like ADSL and fiber-optic communications in the countries of the Nordic region, and mobile data services such as mobile broadband, GPRS, UMTS in 12 countries. From the beginning of 2008, the company has started 3G based mobile broadband services inseven of its markets. * In the field of Content, TV services and mobile content, Telenor offers TV services via cable, digital terrestrial and satellite networks in four Nordic markets. Furthermore, the company also provides mobile content services in several markets, such as mobile TV, sports, ring tones, music and movies. * As far as otherservices are concerned, Telenor has a diversified offer that consists of services, which are telecom related, and the service portfolio is different from one country to another. Depending on the market, the company provides services in the filed of maritime communications, IT consulting, and aircraft communications services. In several markets the company provides Net-centric services, which refer to the IT security for individual consumers and enterprises and machine to machine (M2M) services for enterprises. The major part of the Telenor`s activities is organized in three regions and includes thirteen countries: Asia: Bangladesh, Malaysia, Pakistan, Thailand and India. Nordic countries: Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. Centraland Eastern Europe: Hungary, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine. From the beginning of the 1990s, Telenor begun with its international expansion in the field of mobile communications, penetrating the markets of the following countries: Russia in 1994, Bangladesh, Greece, Ireland, Germany and Austria in 1997, Ukraine in 1998, Malaysia in 1999, Denmark and Thailand in 2000, Hungary in 2002, Montenegro and Pakistan in 2004, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Serbia in 2006. Operations in Greece, Ireland and Germany were sold and the money obtained from this sale has been re invested in the emerging markets. Additionally, in 2005 Vodafone[2] in Sweden was acquired by Telenor. 1.1. Mission and Strategy Telenors primary objective is to create greater value for its shareholders, customers, employees and partners, and for the society in general. The company is dedicated to being at the forefront in creating, simplifying and introducing communication and content solutions to the marketplace. In order to comply with the given goal, Telenor bases its strategy on its customer oriented vision, Here to Help, as well as its core values, Make it easy, Keep promises, Be inspiring and Be respectful. Telenors main strategy is to upgrade the performance of the local mobile operations by combining Groups industrialization with local drive and responsiveness, in the regions where it conducts its business operations: Nordic region, Eastern and Central Europe and Asia. Furthermore, the company plans to maintain its leading position in the Nordic region with a diversified portfolio of communication services. This strategy could be defragmented to the following focus areas: Strengthening of the position of the company as an international mobile operator. Telenor plans to continue the process of strengthening its industrialization of the mobile operations by gaining control over chosen mobile companies. Control is crucial in order to benefit from synergies obtained by cross border activities, such as scale in procurement, development of new services and implementation of best practices, improvement of operational efficiency and the increase of the overall profitability. Telenor plans to manage the non-strategic investments as financial investments and to exit from international mobile operations where the company cannot obtain control over time. Strengthening of the companys position in the Nordic region. Telenor will continue to upgrade its services in the field of mobile and fixed telephony in the Nordic region by using the benefits obtained from economies of scale and cross-border synergies. The company strongly feels that its Nordic presence will improve support to the customers by improving upon its expertise both mobile and fixed services. To find itself at the forefront of communications services providers in Norway. Since the company is the leader in a broad range of services in both the residential and business markets in Norway, Telenor will try to obtain better results in the sense of its profit in the mobile and fixed fields of activity, through the introduction of new services and through various cost-cutting measures. Maintaining of the position of the leader in field of distribution of TV services to consumers in the Nordic region. Telenor additionally insists on finding new possibilities and solutions which will contribute to the strengthening of its strategic position as the leading distributor of subscription based television in the Nordic region. The company will dedicate its activities to contact and attract new users and increase revenue per user through its attractive content and new interactive services. Non strategic companies. Telenor will enhance the value of those companies, which are not strategic for its main business areas and dispose of all or part of its interest in such companies. 1.2. Regional presence Even though Telenor is present in the three dominant regions of the world, the Nordic region is the one where Telenor group has been present since 1855, and the company has held a strong position in the Scandinavian region ever since. The Nordic region is the one from which the majority of Telenor`s income comes from. As it is shown in diagrams 1 and 2, in the first quarter of 2009, 41% of total company revenues came from this region, as well as 37% of EBITDA[3] distribution. The three markets out of which the Nordic region is composed of, in fact represent specific markets with unique differences. For example, although Sweden still has a high use of fixed line telephony, it finds itself at the forefront of the mobile broadband services. Denmark is the market whose customers are the keenest users of SMS and are most interested in content services. Finally, Norwegian customers show growing interest in digital music services and Telenor Group has a high share on this market. The Nordic region is also significant since Telenor combines present and future technologies in the telecom field. As a supplement to existing offers, Telenor provides new broadband technologies, such as Fibre to the Home (FTH) and Long Term Evolution (LTE), the 4th generation mobile broadband standard. The strong distinction between fixed and mobile telephony is slowly vanishing in these markets. According to the data obtained from†¦..there is an evident transition from fixed to mobile networks. The data implicate that the mobile share of voice traffic has increased from 20% in 2003 to 60% in 2008. This is one of the reasons why Telenor acquired Vodafone in Sweden in 2006. Furthermore, the company now has 4G licenses in Norway and Sweden. In order to build networks and share spectrum of mobile communication, Telenor has joined Tele2[4] in a joint venture. The plan is to launch the LTE based broadband services by the end of 2010. This action will position Telenor as the leader of the 4G development worldwide. The same project is planned for Norway, with the difference that it will start in 2011. The Telenor Group has penetrated the Asian region in 1996, through the investment in Grameenphone[5] in Bangladesh. From the very beginning of its operations in Asia, the market has been the cornerstone of the development of the Telenor Group, enabling opportunities for growth in one of the most populated and fastest growing markets in the world. Additionally, mobile operations in Asia have a significant contribution to the total revenues and EBITDA of the Group. Data obtained in the first quarter of 2009 show that the region generated 30% of the revenues, 28% of the Groups EBITDA, and a total of 67 million mobile subscribers of the region. The company has received many awards for innovation and services in the past ten years and has been the driving force in the network development of Asia. Additionally, it has significantly increased the capacity of the regional network and provided coverage, connecting millions of people in new areas, who were previously unconnected. Over the past few years the Asian mobile market has been growing significantly. The growth is additionally stimulated by continuous innovations and new services provided by the company. The Group is active in the markets of Pakistan, Malaysia, Thailand and Bangladesh, and the company holds 3G license in Malaysia. Another important step of Telenor was the acquisition of Unitech Wireless[6] in India, through which the company penetrated one of the worlds largest and fastest growing markets. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the mobile markets of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia became a part of Telenor`s business operations. The main characteristic of these markets is the growth opportunity, making it significant part of the Telenor`s strategy in the years to come. Even though the markets of Central and Eastern Europe are challenging economic environment due to the process of transition, which these countries have undergone or are still undergoing, mobile operations of the Group deliver solid financial performances. The first quarter of 2009 shows that Telenor generated 17% of Groups total revenues and 32% of EBITDA. The region also generated 93 million of mobile subscribers. Also, the region of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia has achieved rapid growth in mobile subscription both in consumer, as well as business markets. The company is currently involved in investments in the 3G network in Hungary, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro. The priority is given to the n ew technological and eco friendly solutions, like the wind and solar powered base stations in Hungary, and testing of the new generation wireless broadband in Montenegro. 2. Telenor in Serbia Telenor`s presence in the Balkan region started at the beginning of 1990s when the company launched its operations in Hungary in 2002 by operating Pannon[7], followed by activities in Montenegro through Promonte[8] and finally, Serbia in 2006. Telenor penetrated the Serbian market through the purchase of the Serbian company Mobi 63, Serbias second largest mobile operator and this actually represents the largest privatization transaction in the central and eastern Europe in 2006, as reported by the audit company PriceWaterHouseCoopers. Telenor Group outbid two other short listed competitors at the auction (Mobilkom from Austria and Orascom Telecom from Egypt), offering a bid of 1.513 billion euros. Telenor took over the company on 31st of July 2006, upon the completion of all legal requirements and the signing of the Sales Agreement. The entire auction was broadcasted live on the Serbian national television and was attended by the highest state representatives. Mobi 63, formerly known as Mobtel, was formed by the Government of Serbia in the month of April of 2006, upon the revocation of the operators mobile license, which occurred due to the illegal dealings of the companys previous owners, who were suspected to have sold t he operators license in Kosovo to Mobikos, without requesting permission from the official authorities of Serbia. The Government then proclaimed that the sale was a threat to the national security. The acquisition of Mobi 63 made by Telenor includes a ten year license for GSM 900/1800 and 3G operation for the company, which is renewable for a successive period of ten years upon application. Additionally, the company also obtained Mobi 63`s existing assets, which included the base of approximately 2.5 million customers (in the end of 2005). In just three months upon its arrival to the Serbian market, Telenor invested approximately 15.3 million euros in the equipment of the highest technology, necessary to meet the requirements of the planned network expansion on the territory of Serbia. For this purpose, Telenor signed cooperation agreement with Erickson. Additionally, another contract with the Erickson Company worth 40 million euros for the purpose of network improvement was signed by the end of 2006. The main objective of these investments was to upgrade the quality and the capacity of the existing network, which consequently brings additional quality and services to its users. The actual benefit for the users of the Telenor network is its expanded coverage and good quality. Starting form March 1st 2007, the company enabled the use of commercial services in Serbia, provided by the 3G mobile broadband technology, which consequently provides its users with the possibility to get easier and faster access to the contents on the internet, such as movies, music videos or TV program. 2.1. Relationship towards the employees When Telenor acquired Mobi 63 in August 2006, the company had 926 employees. The newly appointed top management reached a strategic decision to take over the entire infrastructure of the company, as well as its personnel, meaning that there will not be any reduction in the number of employees. In fact, quite the opposite thing occurred in the next three years: the number of employees gradually started growing. In the end of 2007 there had been approximately 1000 employees. By the end of 2008, this number grew to 1100, and finally on December 31st 2009, Telenor had a total of 1207 employees. Having in mind that the field of telecommunications is exposed to everyday changes, Telenor`s employees are expected to adapt to them, set their own objectives in their segment of work, as well as to take on new responsibilities and discover their new talents. In 2007, 2008 and 2009, the company organized a number of trainings, seminars and workshops for its personnel. Through these actions, Telenor tends to provide continuous professional growth and expertise opportunities. Some of the most important ones are: Trainings for future leaders Welcome trainings Codes of conduct Human resource management Communication skills trainings Telenor`s Code of Conduct is one of the key principles upon which the activities of the company are based. This document includes a set of employee policies that cover ethical and legal practices for nearly every aspect of the business. It focuses on the personal responsibility and each employee has to conduct business legally and ethically. Also, it defines ethical rules of behavior for the companys business partners, as well as users. Corporate ethics is very important in the company. The principles of corporate ethics are applicable to all members of the company, including the members of the managing board and top management and all other employees, who represent Telenor on any occasions. Furthermore, the company launched the so called HIT Project, which was encouraged by the television reportage made on one of Telenor`s subcontractors in Bangladesh, who was an obvious example of a company which contributes to bad work conditions, pollution of the environment and child labor. The project focuses on four elements: health, safety, security and environment, and its main objective is for Telenor to emphasize to its business partners the importance of respecting labor and human rights laws. Therefore, Telenor follows the activities of its suppliers in the field and remains in constant touch with them. Furthermore, human resource management conducts the employee satisfaction survey on a yearly basis in order to get a feed back from the employees about the level of their satisfaction, as well as the issues that could be improved and changed within the company. In 2009, the survey was conducted for the third consecutive year and a total percentage of employees which participated was 96.3%. The survey is conducted among all employees in the end of every working year, and concentrates on several important areas of employee satisfaction: satisfaction with job position and work conditions, communication and interpersonal relations within the company, leadership, bonus systems and career opportunities. Results obtained from the survey serve as the foundation for strategy planning for the upcoming years. This point is of particular importance in order to include the opinion of the staff in the process of future strategy defining and decision making, so that everyone can feel that they are a part of it. 2.2. Relationship with clients Top management of the company tends to combine its international experience and the local potential of the country where it operates. In the first year of its activities in the Serbian market, Telenor introduced a large number of significant innovations and new services important for the subscribers. Some of the most innovative products and services offered to the Serbian users are: New prepaid telephone numbers and new channel of sale Telenor Express. Mobile e mail service. The first internet parks in Serbia. Cheaper roaming prices for Telenor users in Hungary and Montenegro Telenor express is the channel of direct sales to customers, which has long and successful tradition in other markets where the company conducts its activities. The new prepaid numbers were introduced in all newspaper stands in Serbia, but could also be purchased through the Telenor Express channel of sale. Approximately twenty five express sales teams are traveling throughout Serbia with specially designed sales stands. In this way the company tries to have direct contact with the customers, to be closer and more available to them, as well as to offer new and innovative sales possibilities and good quality services. Additionally, new prepaid numbers are offered at a much lower rate than previously applied, and each package has higher value than the nominal value of the package. Persons, who decide to purchase a more expensive package, get substantially more free conversation minutes, as well as free text messages, than the ones who purchase a cheaper package. Mobile e-mail is a service dedicated firstly to those who are business users, with the main purpose to facilitate their activities when they find themselves outside the office and need immediate access to their computers. Furthermore, this service enables its users to access and handle their e-mails, calendar and phonebook. The service is compatible to the programs used on their original computers, and can be used by downloading a special software from the Telenor website. From December 1st 2006, Telenor users have the possibility to pay lower prices for roaming services in Hungary and Montenegro, thanks to Telenor network. At the same time, these prices are the lowest prices in comparison to other mobile operators in Serbia. On average, with this service, Telenor users in the Montenegro` s network Promonte are charged 15% less for their voice calls. Additionally, incoming calls from any destination are free of charge for postpaid users in this network. As far as the Hungarian Pannon mobile operator is concerned, prices of outgoing calls are approximately 60% lower, calls made to local mobile and fixed telephone numbers are 25% cheaper, including incoming calls. Calls made to other destinations are 40% cheaper. Additionally, Telenor subscribers have the opportunity to exchange MMS messages with people in ten different countries. The first countries and operators which established this kind of service with Telenor in Serbia are: 02 in Germany, Pannon in Hungary, Telenor in Pakistan, Telefonica 02 in Checz Republic, Sonofon in Denmark, Sunrise in Switzerland, ONE in Austria, Globul in Bulgaria, Telenor in Norway and DIGI in Malaysia. In June 2008, Telenor opened the first internet park in Belgrade, which at the same time represents the first park of this kind in Serbia. People can have free access to the internet and connecting of their portable computers to the internet network is possible either through the wireless connection, or via USB modems, which are located in different places in the park. In the first three months, citizens of Belgrade, as well as other visitors, had the opportunity to test all possibilities of the Internet network free of charge, while enjoying the open air at the same time. Instructions for the connection to the network are displayed on visible places in the park and offer simple explanations through several easy steps. In just several months upon the opening of the first internet park in Belgrade, similar concept was implemented in other Serbian cities: Nis, Novi Sad, Kragujevac and Kraljevo. In this way, citizens of these cities have the possibility to check their e-mails or search the internet sites for various contents. 2.3. Corporate responsibility, young and socially jeopardized categories. Mobile communications contribute to the social integration, having in mind the fact that people can be in touch no matter where they find themselves. However, for a significant number of people worldwide, communication services still represent a luxury and are not available to them. Access to this type of services, in a way, represents the means to fight poverty, ignorance and bad health conditions, as well as to enable people to improve their living situation. One of the main objectives of Telenor is to strive towards creation of value in modern society by offering the possibility of communication services to as many people as possible. In 2007, the auditing company Deloit did a thorough analysis of Telenor`s markets in Thailand, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Pakistan, Ukraine and Serbia which pointed to a very close connection between mobile telephony penetration and the increase of the GDP exists. The analysis pointed out to the fact that the increase of 10% in mobile communications could lead to the GDP rise of approximately 1.2%. Furthermore, the study showed that business operations of Telenor have positive contribution to the upgrading of the productivity level, economic welfare, improvements in health and education systems, improvement of conditions in rural areas and social groups with low incomes. Besides the focus on its business operations, Telenor also directs its activities towards the responsibility towards the local community in which it operates. An evidence to support this claim is the fact that Telenor Group is listed in the first position among twenty four leading mobile operators in the world on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index list, which ranks companies according to the criteria of their overall financial, social and ecological impact on the environment. Upon its arrival to the Serbian market, the top management of the company immediately started to develop different strategies concerning the beginning of the work in the field of corporate responsibility. For that purpose, Telenor established its own Foundation in March 2007, and in this way the company continued to invest in the development of Serbias social potentials. â€Å"The main objective of the Foundation is to initiate and support different types of projects and to develop useful and sustainable solutions which are easy to implement on the territory of the entire country. This is the core concept upon which the corporate responsibility of the company is based and which is being implemented world wide. Members of the Foundations Managing Board were chosen upon the criteria of their expertise in different fields and this enabled for the activities of the Foundation to be guided not only by the companys business plans, but also to adequately respond to the necessities of the Serbian society, its growth and development. Additionally, members of the top and middle management are directly involved in the projects of the Foundation and follow their course. Employees are also invited to participate and to set an example by their involvement, volunteer work and individual efforts.† Majority of the activities and projects which the Foundation conducts are directed towards the young population, their education and professional expertise, socially jeopardized categories, as well as the development of cultural production and art. Telenor`s Foundation accomplishes set objectives through various forms of initiatives: Cooperation with non governmental sector, public and private institutions in different types of projects. Programs of exchange of experts in the field of science and art, as well as providing opportunities for professional internships and scholarships. Exchange of information. Establishing the practice of round tables, seminars, conferences and other events which are in any way linked to the activities of Telenor. Organizing of tenders through which different types of trainings and research are offered. Particular emphasis is put on the young generation and talented people and socially jeopardized categories. 2.3.1. Activities of Telenor directed towards young population Foundation launches special programs, seminars lectures, classes and offers scholarships to those who are perceived as young experts in the fields which are relevant for Telenor`s activities. In 2007, Telenor introduced the award â€Å"Professor Ilija StojanoviĆ¡Ã¢â‚¬  in memory of professor Ilija Stojanovic, who was closely connected to the company and participated in its activities from the very beginning of its operations in Serbia. Every year the award of 1500 euros is given to young students, scientists and researchers for their achievements in the field of telecommunications, in three categories: Best paper / project in the field of telecommunications chosen from the Conference for electronics, telecommunications, informatics, automatics and nuclear technique, held on a yearly basis. Best paper / project chosen from the Telflor (yearly conference), held on a yearly basis. Best student of the Graduate School of Electro-technique (course telecommunications). The Foundation was among the first initiators for the cleaning of neglected areas of Belgrade. Participants of the campaign â€Å"Recycling of landscapes: Be creative and revive the city† were pupils of Belgrade high schools and various artists and the entire project was conducted on ten city locations: open cinemas in Vracar[9] and Zvezdara[10] municipality, summer stage and Pioneer city in Kosutnjak, yard filed of abandoned factory, Zvezdani gaj and other locations. The campaign was lasted throughout 2009 and in this period the locations have been cleaned, painted and decorated with art works. There had been approximately 1000 participants in the campaign and they had the opportunity to get acquainted with the creative art process. Development of the environment awareness was one of the key priorities of the project, which was realized in cooperation with the Belgrade City Assembly and Secretariat for sport and youth. The project became the part of the leading environmental project in Serbia â€Å"Let`s wake Serbia up†, under the patronage of the Ministry for the Environment Protection. , In cooperation with the National Television of Serbia, Telenor joined the campaign â€Å"Skola je Skul (School is Cool)†, which promotes school spirit, representing the most active schools that use creative methods